The Tarot de Besancon tells a fascinating story of regional adaptations and religious sensitivities. While sharing kinship with the Tarot de Marseille, it splits on its path, reflecting Swiss and German influence in the 18th century.
Origins:
Central and South Germany, where Italian-suited cards, inspired by the French or Swiss Besancon format, took root. This "Tarot de Besancon" held a close family resemblance to the Marseille yet showcased interesting differences including standing queens, the jack of batons clutching lower on the club, and a furry-trousered Devil reminiscent of the Lombard version.
Replacing the Controversial:
The substitution of Juno and Jupiter was a strategic move to navigate the religious climate of the time. The Catholic Church frowned upon depicting sacred figures like the Pope on playing cards, while Protestants objected to the symbolism of papal authority. The Besançon Tarot offered a neutral alternative by replacing them with Roman deities, appealing to a wider audience.
Nuances:
The Besancon Tarot isn't just a visual treat; it's a historical record. Observe the full moon on card XVIII, the droplets on Judgement (XX), and the "Le Fou" instead of "Le Mat" for the Fool, shared with the Piemontese version. These seemingly minor details vividly depict regional adaptations and cultural exchanges.
A Journey Through Time:
Produced in various German and Swiss locations throughout the 18th century, the Besancon Tarot's exact origin likely lies in Franco-Swiss regions. It eventually migrated to German-speaking areas, even serving as an export item through Strasbourg.
By the mid-19th century, the Besancon Tarot was succeded by the "J.J." pattern, possibly pioneered by J Müller of Diesshofen. But its story remains etched in the annals of tarot history, reminding us of the dynamic interplay between regional styles and historical context.
So, the next time you encounter the Besancon Tarot, don't just see cards; see a captivating journey through time and regions, whispering stories of cultural adaptations and religious sensitivities.
